In 1897, Emile van Ermengem identified the bacterium Clostridium botulinum to be the producer of botulinum toxin. In 1928 Snipe and Hermann Sommer for the first time purified the toxin. In 1949, Burgen’s group discovered that botulinum toxin blocks neuromuscular transmission. In the late 1960s Allan Scott and Edward Schantz were the first to work on a standardized botulinum toxin preparation for therapeutic purposes.
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is the most toxic protein known with an LD50 of roughly 0.005-0.05 µg/kg. Despite this, it is used in minute doses, in some parts of the world, to treat muscle spasms.

Botox is a purified protein extract. Since the early 1980s, it has been known that this protein can be safely used to control facial muscle spasms and tics, treat eyelid tremors and other ocular problems, and to control excessive perspiration.

Use for Medical Treatment

Botox was first approved in 1989 to treat two eye muscle disorders–uncontrollable blinking (blepharospasm) and misaligned eyes (strabismus). In 2000, the toxin was approved to treat a neurological movement disorder that causes severe neck and shoulder contractions, known as cervical dystonia.
Excessive Sweating or profuse sweating can be cured with Botox injection and dry sol but these medicinal treatments for Excessive Sweating cannot undo the physiological damage that it does to an individual
Botox has been available for over a decade and has been used to treat more than 1 million patients with various conditions, including spasticity and movement disorders. With FDA approval, the United States joins more than 20 other countries that have already approved the use of Botox for excessive sweating. Botox can prevent sweating for months by blocking the release of acetylcholine from the nerve endings – that cause the glands to produce sweat. Botox has been used to reduce sweating in the underarms, palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Use for Cosmetic Treatment

Botulinum toxin works by relaxing muscle and thus preventing wrinkles and smoothing out lines. Wrinkle creams have been on the market for years and there is always controversy over which ones actually work and which ones are downright scams. Cream treatments lift and firm your skin while getting rid of fine lines and wrinkles. Wrinkles caused by sun damage and gravity will not respond to BOTOX Cosmetic. Wrinkles that are present in the skin before active contraction of muscles will not be removed with BOTOX Cosmetic.
Effects are usually noticed within a few days. Effects of the treatment generally last four to six months, and at that time, a patient can opt for a repeat treatment to maintain the positive results.

Fillers and Botox is a mainstay of cosmetic dermatology, the science of looking younger without surgery. Traditionally, fillers erase the deep folds that bracket your mouth. Fillers fill the fold, elevating it, but that does not stop the muscle activity. Sometimes BOTOX and fillers will be used together in a single location, to produce more rapid initial improvement. Filler materials, such as Restyling, plump up the skin. Although fillers reduce the appearance of lines when there is no facial expression, the moment the person does smile or frown, the lines reappear.

Treatment

Treatment with Botox is very effective; it usually takes less than ten minutes for the entire procedure, and Botox injections can be administered in a clinic or plastic surgeons office. The full results of a Botox treatment are visible within days, and the effects usually last approximately three to four months. Treatment costs range form as little as $75 to as much as $1000, based on the number of areas treated and the number of units used.
Depending on the sensitivity of your skin, anesthetic ointment may be used to numb the discomfort of a BOTOX treatment. The procedure takes minutes to perform and the effect usually takes just days to become apparent. Depending on the extent of the Botox treatment required, the procedure can take a few minutes up to 20 minutes. Generally, Botox patients may return home shortly after the treatment is complete
Doctors typically inject 25 to 50 units of Botox to smooth wrinkles, while it would take 3,500 units to prove to be fatal. Headaches and bruising are very common, and a small percentage of patients develop drooping of the face. Doctors use a very small dose of this toxin to help smooth wrinkles, creases in the forehead, crow’s feet around the eyes, and frown lines. Botox was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 for the treatment of double vision and uncontrolled eyelid

Droopy eyelid, dry eye and double vision are uncommon complaints and disappear within weeks. Artificial tears and lubricating ointment may be prescribed if dryness occurs. Droopy eyelids can last one to two months, depending on the dose, but prescription-strength eye drops (apraclonidine 0.5 percent) can temporarily lift your eyelids until the muscles regain their strength. Ask your doctor if these drops might be appropriate for you.
Botox Cosmetic providers include dermatologists, plastic surgeons, cosmetic physicians, practitioners, nurses, physician assistants, and medical spas. BOTOX comes in a vial containing 100u (units) of freeze-dried product. The vials are stored in the office at -5 Deg. F.
BOTOX Cosmetic is mainly used to treat dynamic wrinkles in the upper third of the face. However, many physicians use it to cosmetically treat other areas of the face and neck. Botox side effects can also occur when the drug interacts with other medications. Before receiving Botox injections, a prospective patient should inform a doctor about any medications she may be taking.

Side effect

Broadly speaking there are two major areas of side effects: paralysis of the wrong muscle group and allergic reaction. Bruising at the site of injection is a side effect not of the toxin, but rather the mode of administration. In cosmetic use, this means that the client will complain of inappropriate facial expression such as drooping eyelid, uneven smile, lost of ability to close the eye. This will wear off in around 6 weeks. Bruising is prevented by the clinician applying pressure to the injection site, but may still occur, and will last around 7 – 10 days. When injecting the masseter muscle of the jaw, loss of muscle function will result in a loss or reduction of power to chew solid foods. All cosmetic treatments are of limited duration, and can be as short a period as six weeks, but usually one sees with an effective period of between 3 and 8 months. At the extremely low doses used medicinally, botulinum toxin has a very low degree of toxicity. The adverse event reported from cosmetic use includes headaches, focal facial paralysis, muscle weakness, dysphagia, flu-like syndromes, and allergic reactions.
Pain and discomfort is usually minimal, and does not persist after the injection process. Pain from the injection can be reduced by numbing proposed injection sites with a cold pack or anesthetic cream. If you are scared of needles the doctor may offer you Happy Gas.
Patients are asked to avoid aspirin, alcohol and anti-inflammatory medications at least a week before getting a Botox treatment done. Patients should not use Botox if there has been a prior allergic reaction to the medication. Injections should not be done in areas of infection or inflammation. Patients are instructed to remain upright for 4 hours after inject to facial areas. Within 24 to 48 hours the effects can be seen, and the maximal effect occurs within 2-7 days.
The effects of person’s ageing, gravity, exposure to sunlight, and the stresses of life make a person look old. Deep creases often develop around the nose, eyes, and mouth causing unsightly wrinkles which make the patient look older. Patients report less effort to vocalize one or two days after treatment. Although the treatment is temporary, the effects of botox are significant. Botox is also considered Class C for women who are pregnant, lactating, or may become pregnant while under treatment. This means Botox may cross the placenta and affect the embryo, and possibly transfer to infants from breast milk.
Serious heart problems and serious allergic reactions have been reported rarely. If you think you are having an allergic reaction or other reactions, such as difficulty swallowing, speaking or breathing, call your doctor immediately. Serious and/or immediate hypersensitivity reactions have been rarely reported. These reactions include anaphylaxis , urticaria , soft tissue edema , and dyspnea

Conclusion

Botox injections can offer great results and many happy patient outcomes, but there is risk involved, and there is always a small chance that something could go wrong. When considering Botox, you need to weigh the good with the bad and decide whether or not the potential for complication is worth the pay off.
Botox treatments are effective, affordable, convenient and long lasting with no down time. Botox can be used in conjunction with a brow lift, face lift, eyelid surgery, laser skin resurfacing, and microdermabrasion to enhance and maintain results for longer periods of time.

Botox has been used safely and successfully in ophthalmology for over 12 years and for wrinkle therapy for almost 10 years. It has been approved by the FDA for neurological disorders. Botox is made using human plasma (part of the blood) and may contain viruses and other infectious agents that can cause disease. Although donated human plasma is screened, tested, and treated to reduce the risk of it containing anything that could cause disease, there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease.

If you are using Botox at home, store Botox as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Botox treatments are best done as part of an overall strategy of your anti-aging facial concerns.

In 2002 it was approved by the FDA for cosmetic use, and since that time it has been marketed as BOTOX Cosmetic. Botox is not generally covered by insurance when used for cosmetic purposes. Check with your insurance carrier for coverage details.

It is sold commercially under the brand names Botox, Dysport, Myobloc, Neurobloc and Xeomin for this purpose. Botox Cosmetic and Vistabel are available for cosmetic treatment. The terms Botox (Cosmetic), Vistabel, Dysport, Myobloc, Neurobloc and Xeomin are trade names and are not used generically to describe the neurotoxins produced by C. botulinum

Botulinium Toxin Type B (BTX-B) received FDA approval for treatment of cervical dystonia on December 21, 2000. Trade names for BTX-B are Myobloc in the United States, and Neurobloc in the European Union.